Geosciences Reference Data Sets in R

Description

The package includes reference data sets commonly used in geosciences, such as the standard atomic weights of elements, a periodic table, a mineral list, reservoir reference datasets (continental crust, mantle, basalts, etc.), decay constants, and isotopic ratios frequently used in geochronology. Additionally, the package provides functions for basic queries of atomic weights and mineral lists.
All datasets have complete references, making them citable.

Author(s)

Gerald Schuberth-Hlavač

References

Cohen KM, Finney SC, Gibbard PL, Fan J (2013). “The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart.” Episodes, 36(3), 199–204. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2013/v36i3/002, Updated, https://stratigraphy.org/.

Connelly NG, Damhus T, Hartshorn RM, Hutton AT (eds.) (2005). Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry: IUPAC recommendations 2005. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge. ISBN 0854044388, https://iupac.org/what-we-do/books/redbook/.

Gale A, Dalton CA, Langmuir CH, Su Y, Schilling J (2013). “The mean composition of ocean ridge basalts.” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(3), 489–518. doi:10.1029/2012GC004334.

Hiess J, Condon DJ, McLean N, Noble SR (2012). “238U/235U systematics in terrestrial uranium-bearing minerals.” Science, 335(6076), 1610–1614. doi:10.1126/science.1215507.

Kim S, Chen J, Cheng T, Gindulyte A, He J, He S, Li Q, Shoemaker BA, Thiessen PA, Yu B, Zaslavsky L, Zhang J, Bolton EE (2020). “PubChem in 2021: new data content and improved web interfaces.” Nucleic Acids Research, 49(D1), D1388–D1395. doi:10.1093/nar/gkaa971.

Lafuente B, Downs RT, Yang H, Stone N (2015). “The power of databases: The RRUFF project.” In Armbruster T, Danisi RM (eds.), Highlights in Mineralogical Crystallography, 1–30. Walter de Gruyter GmbH. doi:10.1515/9783110417104-003.

Lee J, Marti K, Severinghaus JP, Kawamura K, Yoo H, Lee JB, Kim JS (2006). “A redetermination of the isotopic abundances of atmospheric Ar.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70(17), 4507–4512. ISSN 0016-7037, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1563.

Marshall CP, Fairbridge RW (eds.) (1999). Encyclopedia of Geochemistry, Kluwer Academic Encyclopedia of earth sciences series. Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht, Bosten, London. ISBN 9780412755002.

McDonough WF, Sun SS (1995). “The composition of the Earth.” Chemical Geology, 120(3-4), 223–253. doi:10.1016/0009-2541(94)00140-4.

National Center for Biotechnology Information (2022). “PubChem Periodic Table of Elements.” https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/periodic-table/. Retrieved February 28, 2022, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/periodic-table/.

Prohaska T, Irrgeher J, Benefield J, Böhlke JK, Chesson LA, Coplen TB, Ding T, Dunn PJH, Gröning M, Holden NE, Meijer HAJ, Moossen H, Possolo A, Takahashi Y, Vogl J, Walczyk T, Wang J, Wieser ME, Yoneda S, Zhu X, Meija J (2022). “Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report).” Technical Report 5, IUPAC. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603.

Renne PR, Balco G, Ludwig KR, Mundil R, Min K (2011). “Response to the comment by W.H. Schwarz et al. on ”Joint determination of 40K decay constants and 40Ar*/40K for the Fish Canyon sanidine standard, and improved accuracy for 40Ar/39Ar geochronology” by P.R. Renne et al. (2010).” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 75(17), 5097–5100. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.06.021.

Renne PR, Norman EB (2001). “Determination of the half-life of 37Ar by mass spectrometry.” Physical Review C, 63(4), 047302. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.63.047302, https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevC.63.047302.

Rollinson HR (1993). Using Geochemical Data: Evaluation, Presentation, Interpretation. Longman Group UK.

Rudnick RL, Gao S (2003). “Composition of the Continental Crust.” In Treatise on Geochemistry, 1–64. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/b0-08-043751-6/03016-4.

Rudnick RL, Gao S (2014). “Composition of the Continental Crust.” In Holland HD, Turekian KK (eds.), Treatise on Geochemistry, Second Edition edition, 1–51. Elsevier, Oxford. ISBN 978-0-08-098300-4, doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00301-6.

Steiger RH, Jäger E (1977). “Subcommission on geochronology: Convention on the use of decay constants in geo- and cosmochronology.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 36(3), 359–362. doi:10.1016/0012-821x(77)90060-7.

Stoenner RW, Schaeffer OA, Katcoff S (1965). “Half-lives of argon-37, argon-39, and argon-42.” Science, 148(3675), 1325–1328. doi:10.1126/science.148.3675.1325.

Sun SS, McDonough WF (1989). “Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes.” Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42(1), 313–345. doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.1989.042.01.19.

Taylor SR, McLennan SM (1995). “The geochemical evolution of the continental crust.” Reviews of geophysics, 33(2), 241–265. doi:10.1029/95rg00262.

Villa IM, De Bièvre P, Holden NE, Renne PR (2015). “IUPAC-IUGS recommendation on the half life of 87Rb.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 164, 382–385. ISSN 0016-7037, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2015.05.025.

Vrielynck B (2022). “Colour Code according to the Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW).” doi:10.14682/2022ICCCOLCODE, https://ccgm.org/.

Warr LN (2021). “IMA-CNMNC approved mineral symbols.” Mineralogical Magazine, 1–30. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43.

ALL_MORB

Description

A data set containing the composition of mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) as given and defined by Gale et al. (2013)

Usage

ALL_MORB__GALE__2013

Format

A data frame with 1 row and 70 element concentrations:
MgO, SiO2, FeO, CaO, Na2O, Al2O3, TiO2, K2O, P2O5, MnO, Ba, Be, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Ga, Gd, Hf, Ho, La, Li, Lu, Mo, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pb, Pr, Rb, Sc, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Th, Tl, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn, Zr, Sr87_Sr86, Nd143_Nd144, Pb206_Pb204, Pb207_Pb204, Pb208_Pb204, Hf176_Hf177, Sm_Nd, Zr_Hf, Ba_Th, Nb_U, Ce_Pb, Nb_Ta, Th_U, Ba_Rb, Ba_Cs, Rb_Cs, K_U, Y_Ho, Zr_Sm, Hf_Nd, Y_Yb

Details

This data contains he composition of MORB defined as ALL MORB which is ”the total composition of the crust apart from back-arc basins”.

References

Gale A, Dalton CA, Langmuir CH, Su Y, Schilling J (2013). “The mean composition of ocean ridge basalts.” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(3), 489–518. doi:10.1029/2012GC004334.

BAB

Description

A data set containing the composition of back-arc basin basalts as given by Gale et al. (2013)

Usage

BAB__GALE__2013

Format

A data frame with 1 row and 70 element concentrations:
MgO, SiO2, FeO, CaO, Na2O, Al2O3, TiO2, K2O, P2O5, MnO, Ba, Be, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Ga, Gd, Hf, Ho, La, Li, Lu, Mo, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pb, Pr, Rb, Sc, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Th, Tl, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn, Zr, Sr87_Sr86, Nd143_Nd144, Pb206_Pb204, Pb207_Pb204, Pb208_Pb204, Hf176_Hf177, Sm_Nd, Zr_Hf, Ba_Th, Nb_U, Ce_Pb, Nb_Ta, Th_U, Ba_Rb, Ba_Cs, Rb_Cs, K_U, Y_Ho, Zr_Sm, Hf_Nd, Y_Yb

In the article the concentrations ...

References

Gale A, Dalton CA, Langmuir CH, Su Y, Schilling J (2013). “The mean composition of ocean ridge basalts.” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(3), 489–518. doi:10.1029/2012GC004334.

Bulk Continental Crust

Description

A data set containing the composition of the Bulk Continental Crust as recommended by Rudnick and Gao (2014). This article is a revision of the previous work Rudnick and Gao (2003).

Usage

CC_Bulk__Rudnick_Gao__2014

Format

A data frame with 1 row and 84 element concentrations. These elements are:
SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, FeO*, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, P2O5, Li, Be, B, N, F, S, Cl, Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U, Nb/Ta, Zr/Hf, Th/U, K/U, La/Yb, Rb/Cs, K/Rb, La/Ta, Mg#, Eu/Eu*, Heat production

Details

In this work the concentrations of the major elements (as oxides) are given in wt%. The concentrations of all other elements are given in ug/g (ppm) or ng/g (ppb). For the sake of unity the values given in ppb where converted to ppm using ppm= ppb/1000.
The listed values for the major elements (oxides) are in wt% and all other elements are given in ppm. Heat production is given in mW/m^3.

References

Rudnick RL, Gao S (2014). “Composition of the Continental Crust.” In Holland HD, Turekian KK (eds.), Treatise on Geochemistry, Second Edition edition, 1–51. Elsevier, Oxford. ISBN 978-0-08-098300-4, doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00301-6. Rudnick RL, Gao S (2003). “Composition of the Continental Crust.” In Treatise on Geochemistry, 1–64. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/b0-08-043751-6/03016-4.

Bulk Continental Crust

Description

A data set containing the composition of the Bulk Continental Crust as given by Taylor and McLennan (1995)

Usage

CC_Bulk__Taylor_McLennan__1995

Format

A data frame with 1 row and 63 element concentrations in ppm. These elements are:
Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Au, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U

Details

In this work the concentrations of most elements are given in ppm and some concentrations are given in wt% or ppb.
For the sake of unity the values given in either wt% or ppb where converted to ppm. So all listed values are in ppm.
This conversion was done using:

• ⁠ppm= wt% * 10000⁠

• ppm= ppb / 1000

References

Taylor SR, McLennan SM (1995). “The geochemical evolution of the continental crust.” Reviews of geophysics, 33(2), 241–265. doi:10.1029/95rg00262.

Lower Continental Crust

Description

A data set containing the composition of the Lower Continental Crust as recommended by Rudnick and Gao (2014). This article is a revision of the previous work Rudnick and Gao (2003).

Usage

CC_Lower__Rudnick_Gao__2014

Format

A data frame with 1 row and 84 element concentrations. These elements are:
SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, FeO*, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, P2O5, Li, Be, B, N, F, S, Cl, Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U, Nb/Ta, Zr/Hf, Th/U, K/U, La/Yb, Rb/Cs, K/Rb, La/Ta, Mg#, Eu/Eu*, Heat production

Details

In this work the concentrations of the major elements (as oxides) are given in wt%. The concentrations of all other elements are given in ug/g (ppm) or ng/g (ppb). For the sake of unity the values given in ppb where converted to ppm using ppm= ppb/1000.
The listed values for the major elements (oxides) are in wt% and all other elements are given in ppm. Heat production is given in mW/m^3.

References

Rudnick RL, Gao S (2014). “Composition of the Continental Crust.” In Holland HD, Turekian KK (eds.), Treatise on Geochemistry, Second Edition edition, 1–51. Elsevier, Oxford. ISBN 978-0-08-098300-4, doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00301-6. Rudnick RL, Gao S (2003). “Composition of the Continental Crust.” In Treatise on Geochemistry, 1–64. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/b0-08-043751-6/03016-4.

Lower Continental Crust

Description

A data set containing the composition of the Lower Continental Crust as given by Taylor and McLennan (1995)

Usage

CC_Lower__Taylor_McLennan__1995

Format

A data frame with 1 row and 63 element concentrations in ppm. These elements are:
Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Au, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U

Details

In this work the concentrations of most elements are given in ppm and some concentrations are given in wt% or ppb.
For the sake of unity the values given in either wt% or ppb where converted to ppm. So all listed values are in ppm.
This conversion was done using:

• ⁠ppm= wt% * 10000⁠

• ppm= ppb / 1000

References

Taylor SR, McLennan SM (1995). “The geochemical evolution of the continental crust.” Reviews of geophysics, 33(2), 241–265. doi:10.1029/95rg00262.

Middle Continental Crust

Description

A data set containing the composition of the Middle Continental Crust as recommended by Rudnick and Gao (2014). This article is a revision of the previous work Rudnick and Gao (2003).

Usage

CC_Middle__Rudnick_Gao__2014

Format

A data frame with 1 row and 76 element concentrations. These elements are:
SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, FeO*, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, P2O5, Li, Be, B, F, S, Cl, Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U, Nb/Ta, Zr/Hf, Th/U, K/U, La/Yb, Rb/Cs, K/Rb, La/Ta, Mg#, Eu/Eu*, Heat production

Details

In this work the concentrations of the major elements (as oxides) are given in wt%. The concentrations of all other elements are given in ug/g (ppm) or ng/g (ppb). For the sake of unity the values given in ppb where converted to ppm using ppm= ppb/1000.
The listed values for the major elements (oxides) are in wt% and all other elements are given in ppm. Heat production is given in mW/m^3.

References

Rudnick RL, Gao S (2014). “Composition of the Continental Crust.” In Holland HD, Turekian KK (eds.), Treatise on Geochemistry, Second Edition edition, 1–51. Elsevier, Oxford. ISBN 978-0-08-098300-4, doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00301-6. Rudnick RL, Gao S (2003). “Composition of the Continental Crust.” In Treatise on Geochemistry, 1–64. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/b0-08-043751-6/03016-4.

Upper Continental Crust

Description

A data set containing the composition of the Upper Continental Crust as recommended by Rudnick and Gao (2014). This article is a revision of the previous work Rudnick and Gao (2003).

Usage

CC_Upper__Rudnick_Gao__2014

Format

A data frame with 1 row and 84 element concentrations. These elements are:
SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, FeO*, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, P2O5, Li, Be, B, N, F, S, Cl, Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U, Nb/Ta, Zr/Hf, Th/U, K/U, La/Yb, Rb/Cs, K/Rb, La/Ta, Mg#, Eu/Eu*, Heat production

Details

In this work the concentrations of the major elements (as oxides) are given in wt%. The concentrations of all other elements are given in ug/g (ppm) or ng/g (ppb). For the sake of unity the values given in ppb where converted to ppm using ppm= ppb/1000.
The listed values for the major elements (oxides) are in wt% and all other elements are given in ppm. Heat production is given in mW/m^3.

References

Rudnick RL, Gao S (2014). “Composition of the Continental Crust.” In Holland HD, Turekian KK (eds.), Treatise on Geochemistry, Second Edition edition, 1–51. Elsevier, Oxford. ISBN 978-0-08-098300-4, doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00301-6.

Rudnick RL, Gao S (2003). “Composition of the Continental Crust.” In Treatise on Geochemistry, 1–64. Elsevier. doi:10.1016/b0-08-043751-6/03016-4.

Upper Continental Crust

Description

A data set containing the composition of the Upper Continental Crust as given by Taylor and McLennan (1995)

Usage

CC_Upper__Taylor_McLennan__1995

Format

A data frame with 1 row and 64 element concentrations in ppm. These elements are:
Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Au, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U

Details

In this work the concentrations of most elements are given in ppm and some concentrations are given in wt% or ppb.
For the sake of unity the values given in either wt% or ppb where converted to ppm. So all listed values are in ppm.
This conversion was done using:

• ⁠ppm= wt% * 10000⁠

• ppm= ppb / 1000

References

Taylor SR, McLennan SM (1995). “The geochemical evolution of the continental crust.” Reviews of geophysics, 33(2), 241–265. doi:10.1029/95rg00262.

Chondrite

Description

A data set containing the composition of the CI chondrite as given by McDonough and Sun (1995)

Usage

CI__McDonough_Sun__1995

Format

A data frame with 1 row and 76 element concentrations in ppm:
Li, Be, B, C, N, F, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U

Details

In the original work the concentrations of most of the major elements are given in wt% and the concentrations of Nb and following are given in ppb.
For the sake of clarity these values where converted to ppm. So all values given here are in ppm.
This conversion was done using:

• ⁠ppm= wt% * 10000⁠

• ppm= ppb / 1000

References

McDonough WF, Sun SS (1995). “The composition of the Earth.” Chemical Geology, 120(3-4), 223–253. doi:10.1016/0009-2541(94)00140-4.

E-type MORB

Description

A data set containing the element concentrations in the E-type MORB as given by Sun and McDonough (1989).

Usage

EMORB__Sun_McDounough__1989

Format

A data frame with 1 row and 36 element concentrations in ppm:
Cs, Tl, Rb, Ba, W, Th, U, Nb, Ta, K, La, Ce, Pb, Pr, Mo, Sr, P, Nd, F, Sm, Zr, Hf, Eu, Sn, Sb, Ti, Gd, Tb, Dy, Li, Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu

References

Sun SS, McDonough WF (1989). “Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes.” Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42(1), 313–345. doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.1989.042.01.19.

The CGMW ICS color codes

Description

A data set containing the color codes used by the International Chronostratigraphic Chart by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) (Cohen et al. 2013).

Usage

ICS_Colors

Format

A data frame with 194 rows and the following 11 columns:

standard sorting order

ICS' ordering of this entry

Long List (isc:)

Entries name prefixed by ⁠ics:⁠

Long List (formatted)

The (common) name of entry, e.g. 'Holocene'

Rank

Is the entry a System, Series, Stage, ...

Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black

Color's values in the CMYK color model

Red, Green, Blue

Color's values in the RGB color model

Details

The coloring in this chart follows the Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW) (Vrielynck 2022).

References

Cohen KM, Finney SC, Gibbard PL, Fan J (2013). “The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart.” Episodes, 36(3), 199–204. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2013/v36i3/002, Updated, https://stratigraphy.org/.

Vrielynck B (2022). “Colour Code according to the Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW).” doi:10.14682/2022ICCCOLCODE, https://ccgm.org/.

See Also

icsColor() a convenience function to get a specific color.

IUPAC Standard atomic weights of the elements

Description

A data set containing the standard atomic weights of the elements as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (CIAAW).

Usage

IUPAC_StdAW

Format

A data frame with 118 rows and the following 8 columns:

Element

Element's name

Symbol

Element's symbol

Atomic number

Element's atomic number. Elements are listed in increasing atomic number

stdAW::Value

Values of standard atomic weights are given as single values with uncertainties (column stdAW::Uncertainty) or as intervals.

stdAW::Uncertainty

of the Value of the standard atomic weight

abrStdAW::Value

Abridged atomic weights quoted to five significant figures. Unless such precision cannot be attained due to the variability of isotopic composition in normal materials or due to the limitations of the measurement capability.

abrStdAW::±

A plus-minus-value as a simplified measure of the reliability of the abridged values.

Note

The collected footnotes of the table. Notes are resolved to the sentences associated with them. If there is more than one note, the notes are separated by an newline (⁠\n⁠).

Details

This is table 1 of (Prohaska et al. 2022). The (foot)notes in the table have been collected in a new column (Notes) and their abbreviations resolved into sentences.

References

(Prohaska et al. 2022)

See Also

aw() for a function to get the standard atomic weights of the elements found in this table by their symbols

IUPAC periodic table of elements online

CIAAW also a periodic table of elements online

CIAAW standard atomic weights online

N-type MORB

Description

A data set containing the element concentrations in the N-type MORB as given by Sun and McDonough (1989).

Usage

NMORB__Sun_McDounough__1989

Format

A data frame with 1 row and 36 element concentrations in ppm:
Cs, Tl, Rb, Ba, W, Th, U, Nb, Ta, K, La, Ce, Pb, Pr, Mo, Sr, P, Nd, F, Sm, Zr, Hf, Eu, Sn, Sb, Ti, Gd, Tb, Dy, Li, Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu

References

Sun SS, McDonough WF (1989). “Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes.” Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42(1), 313–345. doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.1989.042.01.19.

Ocean Island Basalts – OIB

Description

A data set containing the element concentrations in the OIB as given by Sun and McDonough (1989).

Usage

OIB__Sun_McDounough__1989

Format

A data frame with 1 row and 36 element concentrations in ppm:
Cs, Tl, Rb, Ba, W, Th, U, Nb, Ta, K, La, Ce, Pb, Pr, Mo, Sr, P, Nd, F, Sm, Zr, Hf, Eu, Sn, Sb, Ti, Gd, Tb, Dy, Li, Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu

References

Sun SS, McDonough WF (1989). “Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes.” Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42(1), 313–345. doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.1989.042.01.19.

Platinum-group elements – PGE

Description

Ru-Pd and Os-Pt: in chemistry, this group is referred to as the platinum metals. Since the 1960 geologists are using the term "platinum-group elements" (PGE) ( ). In geochemistry, this group is further divided into two subgroups: Ir-PGE and Pd-PGE ( ) with Au often added to the latter (Rollinson 1993).

• PGE Platinum-group elements – e.g. ( ).

• IPGE, PPGE Ir-PGE and Pd-PGE – (Rollinson 1993, 1999);

Usage

PGE

IPGE

PPGE

Format

character vector with 6 elements.

character vector with 3 elements.

character vector with 3 elements.

Functions

• IPGE: Ir-PGE subgroup

• PPGE: Pd-PGE subgroup

References

Rollinson HR (1993). Using Geochemical Data: Evaluation, Presentation, Interpretation. Longman Group UK.

Marshall CP, Fairbridge RW (eds.) (1999). Encyclopedia of Geochemistry, Kluwer Academic Encyclopedia of earth sciences series. Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht, Bosten, London. ISBN 9780412755002.

Connelly NG, Damhus T, Hartshorn RM, Hutton AT (eds.) (2005). Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry: IUPAC recommendations 2005. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge. ISBN 0854044388, https://iupac.org/what-we-do/books/redbook/.

Examples

# get information from the periodic table of elements
subset(pte, Symbol %in% PGE)

Primitive mantle

Description

A data set containing the element concentrations in the primitive mantle as given by Sun and McDonough (1989).

Usage

PM__Sun_McDounough__1989

Format

A data frame with 1 row and 36 element concentrations in ppm:
Cs, Tl, Rb, Ba, W, Th, U, Nb, Ta, K, La, Ce, Pb, Pr, Mo, Sr, P, Nd, F, Sm, Zr, Hf, Eu, Sn, Sb, Ti, Gd, Tb, Dy, Li, Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu

Details

For lead and cesium the recommended (in this work) values for mantel-normalizing diagrams where used. The original values that where given in Tbl.1 are (Cs, 0.032) and (Pb, 0.185).

References

Sun SS, McDonough WF (1989). “Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes.” Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42(1), 313–345. doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.1989.042.01.19.

Pyrolite

Description

A data set containing the recommended chemical composition of the of the Silicate Earth-”Pyrolite” as given by McDonough and Sun (1995)

Usage

Pyrolite__McDonough_Sun__1995

Format

A data frame with 1 row and 76 element concentrations in ppm:
Li, Be, B, C, N, F, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U

In the article the concentrations of most of the major elements are given in wt% and the concentrations of Nb and following are given in ppb.
For the sake of clarity these values where converted to ppm: So all values given here are in ppm.
This conversion was done using:

• ⁠ppm= wt% * 10000⁠

• ppm= ppb / 1000

References

McDonough WF, Sun SS (1995). “The composition of the Earth.” Chemical Geology, 120(3-4), 223–253. doi:10.1016/0009-2541(94)00140-4.

Rare earth elements – REE, LREE, MREE, HREE, REM, Lanthanides

Description

List of rare earth elements and subsets thereof.

Usage

REE

Lanthanides

LREE

MREE

HREE

REM

Format

character vector with 15 elements.

character vector with 15 elements.

character vector with 4 elements.

character vector with 6 elements.

character vector with 4 elements.

character vector with 17 elements.

Details

The "Red Book" ( ) defines the rare earth metals (REM) as Sc, Y and the lanthanides (La – Lu). In geochemistry, the term "rare earth elements" is generally limited to the lanthanides – e.g. (Rollinson 1993, 1999). Therefore, it is crucial to consider the context in which this term is used.
A distinction is made here between rare earth metals (REM) and rare earth elements (REE). The latter are the lanthanides as they are commonly used in geochemistry. Speaking in sets, the REE are a subset of the REM. And all subsets of the REE are also limited to the lanthanides.

• Lanthanides La–Lu ( ).

• REE Same as Lanthanides. The term rare earth elements as used in geochemistry – e.g (Rollinson 1993, 1999).

• REM Rare earth metals. Sc, Y and the lanthanides ( )

• LREE Light REE, La–Nd

• MREE Intermediate REE, Sm–Ho

• HREE Heavy REE, Er–Lu

Functions

• Lanthanides: Only lanthanides

• LREE: Light REE subset of REE

• MREE: Intermediate REE subset of REE

• HREE: Heavy REE subset of REE

• REM: Rare earth metals

References

Rollinson HR (1993). Using Geochemical Data: Evaluation, Presentation, Interpretation. Longman Group UK.

Marshall CP, Fairbridge RW (eds.) (1999). Encyclopedia of Geochemistry, Kluwer Academic Encyclopedia of earth sciences series. Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht, Bosten, London. ISBN 9780412755002.

Connelly NG, Damhus T, Hartshorn RM, Hutton AT (eds.) (2005). Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry: IUPAC recommendations 2005. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge. ISBN 0854044388, https://iupac.org/what-we-do/books/redbook/.

Examples

# get information from the periodic table of elements
subset(pte, Symbol %in% REE)

Get the atomic weight of an element

Description

Get the atomic weight of an element

Usage

aw(sym, dataSource = "IUPAC")

Arguments

Value

Atomic weight of element with the given symbol

See Also

IUPAC_StdAW for the table of standard atomic weights by IUPAC and pte for a full periodic table of elements

Examples

aw('H')
aw('H')*2+aw('O')

aw('Li', dataSource= "pubchem")

Decay constants

Description

A data set containing some decay constants regular used in earth science and geochronology.

Usage

decayConstants

Format

A data frame with 6 rows and the following 5 columns:

1. name of the radioactive isotope – element symbol and mass number

2. value it's value and

3. err uncertainty as given by the reference. Uncertainty may be NA if not stated.

4. unit of the decay – usually per year (y), in some cases per day (d)

5. refkey key to reference. Also makes the entry in this table unique if there is more than one decay constant per isotope

The following decay constants are included:

• Ar37

• Ar39

• K40

• Rb87
  

Some of them are included more than once in this table because their values changed over time.

References

Stoenner RW, Schaeffer OA, Katcoff S (1965). “Half-lives of argon-37, argon-39, and argon-42.” Science, 148(3675), 1325–1328. doi:10.1126/science.148.3675.1325.

Steiger RH, Jäger E (1977). “Subcommission on geochronology: Convention on the use of decay constants in geo- and cosmochronology.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 36(3), 359–362. doi:10.1016/0012-821x(77)90060-7.

Renne PR, Norman EB (2001). “Determination of the half-life of 37Ar by mass spectrometry.” Physical Review C, 63(4), 047302. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.63.047302, https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevC.63.047302.

Renne PR, Balco G, Ludwig KR, Mundil R, Min K (2011). “Response to the comment by W.H. Schwarz et al. on ”Joint determination of 40K decay constants and 40Ar*/40K for the Fish Canyon sanidine standard, and improved accuracy for 40Ar/39Ar geochronology” by P.R. Renne et al. (2010).” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 75(17), 5097–5100. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.06.021.

Villa IM, De Bièvre P, Holden NE, Renne PR (2015). “IUPAC-IUGS recommendation on the half life of 87Rb.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 164, 382–385. ISSN 0016-7037, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2015.05.025.

Get ICS Color for a unit name found in the International Chronostratigraphic Chart.

Description

Retrieve the color code for a given name of an eontheme, eratheme, system, ... from the color codes of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart.

Usage

icsColor(name, colorModel = "RGB")

Arguments

Value

list of the color code in the chosen color model

See Also

ICS_Colors for the full color code table

Examples

# Color codes of the Permian in RGB
icsColor("Permian")

Isotopic rations

Description

A data set containing some isotopic ratios regular used in earth science

Usage

isoRatios

Format

A data frame with 3 rows and the following 4 columns:

1. name of the isotopic ratio – twice the element symbol and mass number

2. value it's value and

3. err uncertainty as given by the reference. Uncertainty may be NA if not stated.

4. refkey key to reference. Also makes the entry in this table unique if there is more than one ratio for the isotopes

The following isotopic ratios are included:

• Ar40Ar36

• U238U235
  

Some of them are included more than once in this table because their values changed over time or are still under discussion.

References

Steiger RH, Jäger E (1977). “Subcommission on geochronology: Convention on the use of decay constants in geo- and cosmochronology.” Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 36(3), 359–362. doi:10.1016/0012-821x(77)90060-7.

Lee J, Marti K, Severinghaus JP, Kawamura K, Yoo H, Lee JB, Kim JS (2006). “A redetermination of the isotopic abundances of atmospheric Ar.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70(17), 4507–4512. ISSN 0016-7037, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1563.

Hiess J, Condon DJ, McLean N, Noble SR (2012). “238U/235U systematics in terrestrial uranium-bearing minerals.” Science, 335(6076), 1610–1614. doi:10.1126/science.1215507.

Find minerals by their names or symbols

Description

Searches for minerals by their names and symbols using a regular expression. By default cases are ignored.

Usage

minSearch(pattern, ignore.case = TRUE)

Arguments

Value

data.frame of minerals where the given pattern matches.

See Also

List of minerals, minsForChemistry()

Examples

minSearch('alm')
minSearch('Pyh$', ignore.case = FALSE)

List of Minerals

Description

International Mineralogical Association (IMA) Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) approved list of minerals, names and abbreviations (Warr 2021).
Retrieved from RRUFF (Lafuente et al. 2015).

Usage

mins

Format

A data frame with 5763 minerals and their names, symbols (abbreviations) and chemistry.
Symbol, Name, Chemistry

References

Lafuente B, Downs RT, Yang H, Stone N (2015). “The power of databases: The RRUFF project.” In Armbruster T, Danisi RM (eds.), Highlights in Mineralogical Crystallography, 1–30. Walter de Gruyter GmbH. doi:10.1515/9783110417104-003.

Warr LN (2021). “IMA-CNMNC approved mineral symbols.” Mineralogical Magazine, 1–30. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43.

See Also

IMA approved minerals on RRUFF

IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols, (Warr 2021)

Find minerals by their chemistry

Description

Searches for minerals by their chemistry using a regular expression.

Usage

minsForChemistry(pattern, ignore.case = FALSE)

Arguments

Value

data.frame of minerals where the given pattern matches.

See Also

List of minerals, minSearch()

Examples

minsForChemistry('Mn.*\\(SiO4\\)$')

Periodic Table of Elements

Description

The periodic table of elements as given by PubChem National Center for Biotechnology Information (2022).

Usage

pte

Format

A data frame with 118 rows and 17 columns.
For each element the following attributes are reported: AtomicNumber, Symbol, Name, AtomicMass, CPKHexColor, ElectronConfiguration, Electronegativity, AtomicRadius, IonizationEnergy, ElectronAffinity, OxidationStates, StandardState, MeltingPoint, BoilingPoint, Density, GroupBlock, YearDiscovered

References

National Center for Biotechnology Information (2022). “PubChem Periodic Table of Elements.” https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/periodic-table/. Retrieved February 28, 2022, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/periodic-table/.

Kim S, Chen J, Cheng T, Gindulyte A, He J, He S, Li Q, Shoemaker BA, Thiessen PA, Yu B, Zaslavsky L, Zhang J, Bolton EE (2020). “PubChem in 2021: new data content and improved web interfaces.” Nucleic Acids Research, 49(D1), D1388–D1395. doi:10.1093/nar/gkaa971.

See Also

IUPAC_StdAW for the standard atomic weights of the elements recommended by IUPAC